The European Union was set to impose a two-year ban on three pesticides linked to bee deaths after a majority of member countries voted in favour of a moratorium on Monday.

A key committee of experts cleared the way for the European Commission to impose a proposed ban on insecticides blamed for a sharp decline in bee populations, when 15 nations voted in favour, with eight against and four abstentions.

"I pledge to do my utmost to ensure that our bees, which are so vital to our ecosystem and contribute over 22 billion euros annually to European agriculture, are protected," said EU health commissioner Tonio Borg.

It would be the world's first continent-wide ban on the chemicals.

The insecticides -- imidacloprid and clothianidin produced by German Bayer, and thiamethoxam, made by Switzerland's Syngenta -- are used to treat seeds, and applied to soil or sprayed on bee-attractive plants and cereals.

The ban will apply from December 1, the Commission said.

Bees account for 80 percent of plant pollination by insects, vital to global food production. Without them, many crops would be unable to bear fruit or would have to be pollinated by hand.

Although a majority of nations voted to save Europe's bees, under the EU's complex voting system that takes the population into account, the vote was 187 for, 125 against and 33 abstentions -- short of a qualified majority but leaving the ultimate decision in the hands of the Commission.

"The decision now lies with the Commission," Borg said. "Since our proposal is based on a number of risks to bee health identified by the European Food Safety Authority, the Commission will go ahead with its text in the coming weeks."

Countries opposed to the ban, including Britain and Hungary, failed to muster enough support to block the Commission's proposed moratorium despite intense lobbying from pharmaceutical groups and farmers.

"Today's vote makes it crystal clear that there is overwhelming scientific, political and public support for a ban," said Greenpeace's Marco Contiero.

Germany, which in a previous vote had abstained and was under heavy pressure from pharmaceutical firms and farmers to fight the proposal, also voted in favour.

Pesticide producers Bayer of Germany and Switzerland's Sygenta, the top player on the global agrichemical market, have rejected claims that their products are at fault in the fall of bee numbers and say studies behind the suggested ban are based on flawed science.

In the countdown to Monday's decision, battle-lines sharpened between environmentalists defending the bees, and farmers and pharmaceutical firms opposed to the ban on pesticides from the so-called "neonicotonoid" family.

Internet-based global campaigner Avaaz, which has gathered 2.5 million signatures to save the insect, floated a giant plastic honey bee over EU headquarters to hammer home its message.

Copa Cogeca, which represents European farmers and European agri-cooperatives, last week said even a temporary ban would cause 2.8 billion euros of losses to farmers and a further 2.0 billion to the EU economy due to a fall in seed production and rising feed costs due to a need to increase imports.

In February, a study published in the Journal of Science showed that falling numbers of wild bees and other pollinating insects are hurting global agriculture.

The gathering of Monday's "appeals committee" was called after an EU vote earlier this year failed to produce a large enough majority in favour of a proposal by theCommission for a two-year moratorium on the allegedly deadly pesticides.

The Commission demanded their ban for use on four major crops -- maize (corn), rape seed, sunflowers and cotton -- after the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) earlier this year said they posed "disturbing" risks to bees and other pollinating insects vital for human food production.

The 15 nations that voted in favour of the ban were -- Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden.

Eight nations voted against -- Austria, Britain, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia -- and four abstained -- Ireland, Greece, Lithuania, Finland.